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steepholm ([personal profile] steepholm) wrote2012-11-30 11:33 pm
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Rooting through the Bins - and Scratching Forty-Year-Old Itches

When I was at primary school, I suppose in about 1970, we used to sing a song about school dinners. It went like this:

Say what you will,
School dinners make you ill,
And Davy Crockett died of shepherd's pie.
Our school din-dins come from pig bins
Out of town.

I used to walk home for dinner in those days (this was long before I became gentrified and started calling it lunch), so my interest in the subject was merely theoretical, but I sang along with the rest in a spirit of camaraderie.

It's interesting, if only to me, to piece together the various bits of this song. Its tune was the opening theme from the TV show Out of Town, presented by Jack Hargreaves. The theme's lyrics were:

Say what you will,
The countryside is still
The only place where I could settle down
Troubles there are so much rarer
Out of town.

Clearly the school rhyme is a parody of this, so we might expect that the school dinner song postdates 1963, when Out of Town was first broadcast. But there are features that irksomely suggest an earlier date. Davy Crockett is a quintessentially mid-'50s icon, is he not - thanks to the US film and TV series? In 1970 I had a vague idea who he was, but he was by no means a name to conjure with in my childhood. I knew the phrase "king of the wild frontier", for example, but had no notion what it referred to. (In fact I still don't. Is it the western frontier, or the frontier with Mexico?)

Pig bins were more mysterious still. They were obviously meant to be unpleasant, but what were they? This bothered me vaguely even in 1970, I now recall, but it took me more than forty years to find out. In fact, this post was prompted by my accidentally learning about pig bins just the other day, from a TV programme on the history of waste management. According to the programme, pig bins were a wartime feature - metal bins put on the street for the collection of scraps to be fed to pigs, in a thrifty effort at recycling. You can see a picture here.

At this point the song looks like a chimera. It references WWII pig bins, but also a 1960s TV programme, along with a figure whose cultural zenith was about 1955. What generation of children could possibly have invented it? Did it evolve over time in some way? Having read the Opies, one might find that plausible.

But the mystery dilutes when you learn that the Out of Town theme was actually written for the film Charley Moon (1956), where it was sung by Max Bygraves. So the parody may be earlier. Not only that, but if you look at the first comment on the article about pig bins linked above, you will read that they survived the war and lasted into the 1960s (though not in my town, obviously). Given all that, my best guess is that the song I sang was probably composed circa 1956, riding the wave of Crockett enthusiasm and taking advantage of Max Bygrave's song in Charley Moon, while alluding to the noisome pig bins still dotting the streets of Albion.

I wish now that I could go back to my 1970 self and share the news.

[identity profile] kalimac.livejournal.com 2012-12-01 12:48 am (UTC)(link)
In American historical parlance, "frontier" always means the western frontier - movable according to what year or era is being discussed - but post 1820 or so in practical terms, part of that frontier is with Mexico, so that is an element, as it is an element (but only one element) in Crockett's biography. The frontier is officially considered to have closed in 1890, when historians noted that the census of that year was the first time that a line of the edge of settlement could no longer be drawn. Consideration of the Mexican borderlands area as an region of special interest in and of itself considerably postdates that, and is mostly driven by xenophobia over the Brown Peril and responses to that, so that's a phenomenon of, hmm, the last 40 years or so.

[identity profile] steepholm.livejournal.com 2012-12-01 09:13 am (UTC)(link)
Thanks for that clarification.

[identity profile] wellinghall.livejournal.com 2012-12-01 11:09 am (UTC)(link)
Was "the frontier" defined as "the line separating areas with a population of more than X per square mile from areas with a population of less than X per square mile"? I seem to remember reading this, many years ago.

[identity profile] kalimac.livejournal.com 2012-12-01 02:45 pm (UTC)(link)
As a formal definition, yes. The frontier as a zone of pioneering activity and conflict was a somewhat subjective concept, but the settlement line helped to ground it geographically in some sort of statistics.

[identity profile] wellinghall.livejournal.com 2012-12-01 03:18 pm (UTC)(link)
Thanks.
gillo: (Flowerpot Men house)

[personal profile] gillo 2012-12-01 02:32 am (UTC)(link)
I'm pretty sure we referred to the food waste bins in the school kitchens as "pig bins" at the various schools I attended in Staffordshire between 1960 and 1973. It was generally believed that all uneaten food went to feed pigs. Probably it didn't, but school legends last a long time.

Kids' TV had a lot of repeats - not just The Singing Ringing Tree, which never seemed to be off-air, so it's possible Crockett lasted longer than you think. I can remember him, and I'm not that much older than you.

[identity profile] steepholm.livejournal.com 2012-12-01 09:24 am (UTC)(link)
You're quite possibly right about Davy Crockett, as I seem to know not only the words but the tune also, though of the programme itself I retain no memory.

Your mention of that wretched tree brought back the Tales from Europe series of which it was part. The phrase "narrated by Gabriel Wolf" evokes a special brand of tea-time tedium even now.
ext_12726: (Barmouth bridge)

[identity profile] heleninwales.livejournal.com 2012-12-01 12:17 pm (UTC)(link)
Hotels and guest houses had pig bins until at least 1970, which was when I worked at the Methodist Guild Guest House in Colwyn Bay. All scraps and waste food went into the "pig bin", though it apparently went to feed chickens not pigs, due to new regulations regarding pig food. Or so I was told.
(deleted comment)

[identity profile] steepholm.livejournal.com 2012-12-01 09:15 am (UTC)(link)
I guess she saw it as a pork of her job?

[identity profile] wellinghall.livejournal.com 2012-12-01 11:09 am (UTC)(link)
*groans*

[identity profile] poliphilo.livejournal.com 2012-12-01 10:04 am (UTC)(link)
Davy Crockett was very much a hero of my childhood (I was born in 1951)- not so much for the TV show (I don't remember ever watching it) but because he was all over the culture (I possessed a Davy Crockett colouring-in book) and especially because of John Wayne's movie The Alamo (which I adored.) The Alamo came out in 1960.

I also remember the Max Bygraves song. It had a long shelf life- and got regular plays on radio shows like Children's Favourites.

[identity profile] steepholm.livejournal.com 2012-12-01 10:11 am (UTC)(link)
Thanks for the data! Do you remember the school dinner song? Or watching Out of Town? I see it was produced by Southern Television, so perhaps it was only shown in my region.

I wasn't much of a listener to Children's Favourites, although my brother did get a request played on it once, I think, so I suppose it must have been on - and in fact that must be where I first got earwormed with "One Wheel on my Wagon".

There were far too many cowboys in my childhood, and I found them all pretty dull, apart perhaps from Leone's.

[identity profile] poliphilo.livejournal.com 2012-12-01 11:15 am (UTC)(link)
I never came across the school dinner song, but I was- briefly (aged 10 or thereabouts) a member of "The Royal Songmakers Guild" which aimed (but largely failed) to turn at similar fare.

Ailz- who grew up in Manchester- remembers Out of Town, but I don't. Perhaps it's a generational thing.

I adored cowboy shows. Rawhide- with the young Clint Eastwood- was the classiest.

[identity profile] steepholm.livejournal.com 2012-12-01 11:21 am (UTC)(link)
"The Royal Songmakers Guild" which aimed (but largely failed) to turn at similar fare.

How bizarre! Was there also a Worshipful Company of Graffiti Artists?

[identity profile] poliphilo.livejournal.com 2012-12-01 12:11 pm (UTC)(link)
That came after my time.

[identity profile] poliphilo.livejournal.com 2012-12-01 11:19 am (UTC)(link)
On second thoughts the Out of Town thing would have been a class issue. My family was Middle Class and only watched the BBC; hers was working class and only watched ITV.

[identity profile] steepholm.livejournal.com 2012-12-01 11:23 am (UTC)(link)
We were eclectic - hell, there were only three channels altogether, and one of them was dominated by the Open University, or so it seemed. But then, I believed until I went to secondary school that class no longer existed except as an anachronistic comedy trope. I remember being amazed and appalled to discover that people still took it seriously.

[identity profile] poliphilo.livejournal.com 2012-12-01 12:18 pm (UTC)(link)
My family took class with extreme seriousness. One had to be very careful not to use "non-U" words etc. My grandfather used to take me to task for sounding my "th"s like "f"s. He himself was only precariously middle-class- a self-made man who'd grown up in Erith, right by the Thames.

[identity profile] kalimac.livejournal.com 2012-12-01 02:55 pm (UTC)(link)
How are you defining "class"? Is it whatever you present yourself as, or is it something innate, that you're born with, that requires constant effort to disguise if you wish not to have your "real" class revealed? That is, if for instance a working-class man gets a middle-class job and his family decide to live a middle-class lifestyle, are they then middle class and that's the end of it, or are they still working-class and liable to be perceived by the born middle class as giving themselves airs? And is the answer different if the line being crossed is that between middle and upper class?

In the US the former is generally the case, although we do have the concept of the "nouveau riche", but I do read in British biographies distinctions like "he wasn't poor, but impoverished middle class", which suggests a distinction that doesn't exist over here, where poor is poor regardless of your history.

[identity profile] steepholm.livejournal.com 2012-12-01 04:39 pm (UTC)(link)
The second is what I'm mostly thinking of. It came as no surprise to me that people had different kinds of job and earned different amounts of money from them, but it was the idea of class as innate that shocked me. Class comedy generally focuses on mutual incomprehension, or on people's doomed attempts to cross class barriers (in either direction), although occasionally the class system itself can be the target, as in this sketch, with which I expect you're familiar.

[identity profile] kalimac.livejournal.com 2012-12-01 05:53 pm (UTC)(link)
Oh yes, I know that sketch. Having read about it in Roger Wilmot's history of British comedy, I looked it up on YouTube a long time ago, and found a full copy, which this one is not, though I cannot find it again right now. Particularly memorable, but omitted from this copy, was the bit at the end where each says what he gets out of the class system. Cleese: "I get a sense of superiority over them." Barker: "I get a sense of inferiority to him, but a sense of superiority over him." Corbett: "I get a pain in the back of my neck," a line which I've occasionally since quoted. (http://calimac.livejournal.com/391263.html)

I thought that's what was meant by a class system. We don't have that in the US, we just don't. We so utterly lack it that we have a tendency to think of socio-economic strata, which are a different thing, as what a class system means. I once made a futile attempt to explain this. (http://calimac.livejournal.com/469742.html)

[identity profile] steepholm.livejournal.com 2012-12-01 08:15 pm (UTC)(link)
Yes, I'm sorry the sketch was truncated, as I too am fond of the pay-off, but like you I couldn't find a full version, to my surprise. In compensation, I shall throw in an even funnier class sketch for good measure. This one still makes me laugh out loud - though it's only in part about class.

[identity profile] kalimac.livejournal.com 2012-12-02 06:36 pm (UTC)(link)
I've seen Peter Cook play that strangulated character before, but not that particular sketch. Thanks! (Best line: "... looking for somewhere to sit down.") Apparently the name "Beryl Jarvis" is funny, but Googling it provided no clue.

[identity profile] steepholm.livejournal.com 2012-12-02 08:11 pm (UTC)(link)
The character is E. L. Wisty, and he's one of Cook's regulars.

Why is "Beryl Jarvis" funny? It's certainly not a specific reference. Besides any phonic qualities (the repeated troche?), I think we have to put it down to class once again: it's the sort of unglamorous name that Wisty might think of for his heroine. "Beryl" is a working-class name, but while not outlandish it had become much less popular in the previous couple of decades, so that it was unlikely in a drab sort of way, which is perfect for Wisty.

[identity profile] wolfinthewood.livejournal.com 2012-12-01 10:05 am (UTC)(link)
Iona and Peter Opie published it in The Lore and Language of Schoolchildren (1959). They recorded it in Alton, Great Bookham, and Tooting. They note: 'Became current October 1956. Sung to 'Out of Town' (p. 182). Congratulations on your research: you were spot on.

I read the Opies' book as a teenager in the mid-sixties. Many of the rhymes they record were ones I'd learned from other primary school children in the second half of the fifties-early sixties. I don't remember that one, though.

[identity profile] steepholm.livejournal.com 2012-12-01 10:14 am (UTC)(link)
Congratulations on your research: you were spot on.

Thank you! That is gratifying - although a better researcher would probably have thought to check the Opies first, as you did! (In self-defence, I've no idea where my copy is at the moment.)

[identity profile] wolfinthewood.livejournal.com 2012-12-01 12:51 pm (UTC)(link)
I've no idea where my copy is at the moment.

It's a familiar feeling... I was glad to find my copy in only the second place I looked for it.

[identity profile] wellinghall.livejournal.com 2012-12-01 11:08 am (UTC)(link)
The Lore and Language of Schoolchildren

In which Tolkien is quoted, IIRC.

[identity profile] steepholm.livejournal.com 2012-12-01 11:24 am (UTC)(link)
To what effect, do you recall? I can imagine he might be quite interested in the subject, from a philological point of view.

[identity profile] wellinghall.livejournal.com 2012-12-01 11:37 am (UTC)(link)
Found it! Page 151.

"Professor JRR Tolkien tells us that both the term 'fains I", I decline (p140), and the truce term 'fains' or 'fainites'", are survivals of modern English, the basic expression being 'fain I'. 'This descends from fourteenth century feine, faine "feign", in a sense, derived from Old French se feindre, "make excuses, hang back, back out (esp of battle".' He notes that the word fen, 'ban, bar' (p 140) is probably derived from fend, shortened form of defend, since defend was used in the French sense 'forbid' from about AD 1300 to the time of Milton. 'The formula fain I', he adds, 'seems to throw light on a line in Chaucer which no editor so far has thought worth of a note, though its transitive use of feyne has no exact parallel. In the Clerk's Tale, 529, a servant says "that lordes heestes mowe nat been yfeyned", and eems to mean that "lords' orders cannot be treated with a 'fain I' (I decline), but must be obeyed".'

[identity profile] steepholm.livejournal.com 2012-12-01 11:44 am (UTC)(link)
Thank you - that's very interesting!

Possibly not coincidentally, I remember Alan Garner talking about the use of the playground truce term "barlay" in Gawain and the Green Knight, which JRRT also edited, of course. (I think that one is derived from "parley", but I may be wrong.) Middle English poetry is clearly a good place to look for this stuff.

[identity profile] wolfinthewood.livejournal.com 2012-12-01 12:49 pm (UTC)(link)
OED says under 'barley, int.', 'perhaps a corruption of French parlez, English parley'.

The truce term in Middlesex, where I grew up, in the fifties and early sixties was 'fainites' (as the Opies' map correctly indicates). I went to state schools. But my mother, who went to a small girls' private school in the same county in the thirties, only knew 'pax', which again, fits with what the Opies say under 'pax'.

[identity profile] kalimac.livejournal.com 2012-12-01 02:59 pm (UTC)(link)
Over in the US, I've never heard any of these truce terms. I think what we said was "uncle", though that had an implication of "I give up" which perhaps a true truce term would not.

[identity profile] steepholm.livejournal.com 2012-12-01 04:45 pm (UTC)(link)
Truce terms do indeed usually signal a suspension of the game/fight rather than surrender, but sometimes that distinction gets blurred in practice!

I've heard of "crying Uncle". Do you know where that term comes from?

[identity profile] wolfinthewood.livejournal.com 2012-12-01 09:35 pm (UTC)(link)
OED just says 'N. Amer. colloq.'. The earliest citation is 1918. But a later citation from a publication by the American Dialect Society derives it from an Irish word, 'anacol' (also spelt anacal, anacul), an 'act of protecting; deliverance; mercy, quarter, safety'.

Daniel Cassidy, in How the Irish Invented Slang (see Counterpunch Books), also derives it from 'anacal', which he glosses as 'mercy, quarter; fig. surrender'.

[identity profile] steepholm.livejournal.com 2012-12-01 09:55 pm (UTC)(link)
Wonderful - thanks once again!

[identity profile] wellinghall.livejournal.com 2012-12-01 02:06 pm (UTC)(link)
You nay be interested in this, which has also popped up on my FList recently:
http://lingwe.blogspot.co.uk/2012/11/reconstructed-lexis-in-tolkiens-middle.html

[identity profile] steepholm.livejournal.com 2012-12-01 04:48 pm (UTC)(link)
Thanks - yes, that's very interesting. We still worked from Sisam's book even when I was an undergraduate in the early '80s, but I'd forgotten that Tolkien supplied the glossary.

[identity profile] veronica-milvus.livejournal.com 2012-12-01 11:14 am (UTC)(link)
I'm pretty sure that our school in the 1970s had a pig bin for waste school dinners. Whether the contents went to a farm for real pigs to eat, I couldn't say.

[identity profile] steepholm.livejournal.com 2012-12-01 11:45 am (UTC)(link)
As a matter of interest, where was your school?

[identity profile] veronica-milvus.livejournal.com 2012-12-01 03:34 pm (UTC)(link)
Like gillo, above, in Staffordshire.

[identity profile] wellinghall.livejournal.com 2012-12-01 02:07 pm (UTC)(link)
As did at least one of the schools I went to, 1976-77 (in Leicestershire).

[identity profile] veronica-milvus.livejournal.com 2012-12-01 03:38 pm (UTC)(link)
Here's a school dinner poem from about 1973:

These are the graves of three poor sinners
who died from eating our school dinners.
Our school dinners laid them aside
many have eaten them - many have died.
Look at the gravy, slimy and still,
if that doesn't get you, the custard will!

[identity profile] steepholm.livejournal.com 2012-12-01 04:48 pm (UTC)(link)
:)
joyeuce: (Default)

[personal profile] joyeuce 2012-12-01 09:33 pm (UTC)(link)
We still called the bin into which waste food was scraped a "pig bin" at my prep school in the early 1980s. South Yorkshire, and a reasonable amount of the material the Opies found was at least semi-familiar when I read the book. Our truce term was "kings", accompanied by crossed fingers.
ext_12745: (Default)

[identity profile] lamentables.livejournal.com 2012-12-02 12:16 pm (UTC)(link)
My (slightly younger) brother and I were familiar enough with Davy Crockett to play games that involved being him...I remember no details but I'm sure that happened. Also, I remember no other details (except maybe the hat), but I can sing that song about him being king of the wild frontier.

[identity profile] steepholm.livejournal.com 2012-12-02 12:23 pm (UTC)(link)
Thanks for the data point - and I seem to recall that we're much of age, too.

Perhaps Crockettomania simply passed me by. Although I have a picture of myself standing grumpily beside a tepee (but then all pictures of my early self look either grumpy or bewildered, much as they do today), I was never much of a one for cowboys (no nor indians neither). That may have led me to underestimate DC's presence.
ext_12745: (Default)

[identity profile] lamentables.livejournal.com 2012-12-02 12:26 pm (UTC)(link)
Yes, I'm a 1963 baby.

We did play cowboys and indians and made tents/wigwams in the garden using clothes horses.